The Constitutional Federalism Of Canada - 1309 Words

Canada as a country was founded on the constitutional premise of federalism, a governmental system in which the federal and provincial governments are equal and separate entities together in political coalition. Quebec joined Confederation in 1867 on the constitutional promise of equality. French-speaking Canadians were assured provincial control of their social programs, health, and education. The premise of shared sovereignty acknowledged the variation between distinct peoples in Canada and their particular political culture’s. On May 14th, 1980 former Liberal Prime Minister of Canada Pierre Elliott Trudeau delivered his final speech in his campaign against former Quebec Premier, Rene Levesque’s referendum on separation from Canada.†¦show more content†¦Former Prime Minister Trudeau cleverly disguised the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms as a heroic constitutional amendment providing universal individual and minority rights, in order to effectively clo ak the embedded attack on Quebec-Nationalism, through the Charter of Rights and Freedoms assimilative properties. Further, The Charter of Rights and Freedoms lacked recognition and consideration in regard to Quebec’s expressed dissatisfaction with the current state of federalism in Canada. The issues were the absence of recognition for Quebec as a distinct society within Canada, the consolidation and centralization of greater power to the federal government, and the lessening of powers held by the provincial government. Trudeau Sr.’s personal disdain for Quebec nationalism and his attempts to extinguish it, caused him to overlook the reality of Quebec s political culture, and the impossibility of transforming a society through change to the constitution. Following Trudeau’s attempts at constitutional reform in Canada, former Prime Minister Brian Mulroney’s Progressive Conservatives would attempt reconciliation to mend Quebec Canada relations. Ultimately e nding in failure leading to greater French unrest in Canada. This essay will demonstrate the impact of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms, as a falsely conceived strategy to remediate Quebec-Canada (French-English) relations, and scale the damage to the

Bmw Culture Free Essays

With over 90 years in the industry the culture at BMW is an anomaly in the car manufacturing business. BMW teaches their employees the history of the company and their mission from day one. Problem times from years past are also told to the new employees. We will write a custom essay sample on Bmw Culture or any similar topic only for you Order Now For example when the company was on the verge of bankruptcy in 1959 and was saved by a local business man, these mishaps are used as learning tools to stop history from repeating itself. Regardless of your job title all levels work together to create ideas to better the brand and product. The regular hierarchy that you see within a company is not an obstacle when voicing your thoughts and ideas. Team brainstorming is done on a regular basis and everyone’s input is valued. BMW was one of the first companies to offer profit sharing in Germany to its employees. The leadership at BMW is one the values the employees and listens to their ideas. The type of open door leadership BMW allows for employees to feel as if they have value to the company and its achievements. Informal powwows are used to brainstorm for ideas with all levels of employees. It is sometimes referred to as a freewheeling idea factory. Employees from all different departments are known to get together and work on a single project. This culture allows for employees to feel as if they are valued and that their ideas are appreciated. No one is looked down upon when they present an idea even if they are not as â€Å"high up† as the other people in the room. This allows for great ideas to be given and fostered. The work environment at BMW is so highly sought after that over 200,000 applications are received annually. The job characteristics model involves increasing the amount of skill variety, task identity, task significance, autonomy, and feedback in a job. Three critical psychological states: (1) experienced meaningfulness of the tasks performed, (2) experience personal responsibility for tasks outcomes, and (3) knowledge of the tasks performed. Managers at BMW seldom have formalized training to learn their jobs. This forces them to work closely with other managers and their teams to figure out ways to improve the business. This is another example of how employees are tightly knight and feel as if their opinions matter. The line between management and subordinates is very thin. They work so closely together that the hierarchy is not as pronounced as in most companies. The heavy involvement of all employees increases productivity and job satisfaction. Organizational creativity is fostered at BMW in many ways. BMW looks to its workers to come up with ways to save the company money. Individuals whose ideas save the plant money receive bonuses. The more ideas you present the more money you earn. This pushes employees to come up with solid ideas that will benefit the company. This is a win win situation for both BMW and the employees. Satisfied and motivated employees are a vital part of BMW. Interdepartmental brainstorming is very common and they work closely to come up with ideas. People aren’t criticized for their ideas no matter how off the wall they might be. They are encouraged to think outside the box. The culture and work environment at BMW greatly influences the performance and production of its workers. Workers are so happy with their employment they are willing to work extra hours on heavy productions days and not get paid overtime. This practice is unheard of in most companies. Very rarely are employees willing to work extra hour and not be compensated with hour time pay. This is offset by the accrual of days off instead. Workers are also willing to move away from home for extended periods of time and work long hours. All of these things create job stability for the employees and help reduce layoffs. BMW is the leader in car customization. They are able to complete over 170,000 changes a month in their orders. This is unheard of in the car manufacturing industry. Such changes would set other manufacture back months but BMW is able to make the changes and stay on schedule due to the dedication of its employees. Other manufactures are looking to BMW to try to duplicate this process but have yet to reach this level. BMW is the leader of the pact when it comes to innovation and employees moral. More companies regardless of their industry need to follow this awesome example of teamwork. They would be able to produce more and spend less which is always the goal when running a business. After reading this case I see why over 200,000 people apply for a position there yearly. It seems like a great place to work and grow. How to cite Bmw Culture, Papers

Drinking AGe Research Paper Essay Example For Students

Drinking AGe Research Paper Essay As midnight struck on November 4, 1998, the eve of Brads 21st birthday, he went with a group of friends to Ricks American Caf to celebrate his birthday. He began to play a game of â€Å"drink your age.† When he had finished 21 shots and knowing that the record among his friends was 23, he drank 3 more for a total of 24 shots of liquor. He drank them in about 1- hours. His friends took him home and put him to bed as he passed out. His BAC continued to climb to a lethal level of .44 g/100ml, as the depressant did its work. His breathing stopped and the coroner estimates that he died at approximately 4:30 AM. He died on his 21st birthday, November 5, 1998. Tragedies similar to this one happen too often. People say that the age of 21 is an age of responsibility, and one is now responsible to drink. Well in this particular case, responsibility was not there. Having an age limit for alcohol use does nothing if individuals are not educated to use alcohol properly. Lowering the age li mit to 18 will not cause any more problems that are significantly present already with the age limit of 21. In the great land of America, responsibility is a measure of one’s age. Many privileges are granted when one reaches a certain age.At age 13, you can see a PG-13 movie; at age 15, you can begin driving; at age 18, you can buy tobacco products, vote, serve our country in the armed forces, get married and enter into a legal contract; and finally at age 21, you can drink alcohol. Studies illustrate a decrease in drunken driving fatalities when the minimum drinking age was raised. That may be true in America, but why? Why does America have these problems? European countries, specifically Great Britain, are exceptionally lenient with drinking and they do not have as many drinking and driving problems as America does. Citizens of Britain grow up with alcohol and they know how to be very responsible with it. Americans are extremely strict involving alcohol use until you age to 21. With such a late age to begin drinking, how can someone know his or her limits? A good example of this is Brad; he had an excessive amount of alcohol that his body could not handle. Many believe growing up with alcohol gives you a more responsible approach to drinking. At the age of 18, one is entitled to most of the privileges of American society, except for alcohol consumption. How come at 18 you can be drafted into the armed forces and fight for your country possibly risking your life, but still are not responsible enough to drink? Many people argue that at the age of 18, one has not matured enough to drink. If an individual is not mature enough to drink, why is it he or she can own a gun? A gun seems a little more dangerous than drinking alcohol responsibly. If someone is not responsible enough to drink, how can they be responsible enough to get married or enter into a legal contract that could jeopardize their entire life? These arguments just do not make too much sense. For the most part, a drinking age does not deter individuals from drinking. If someone would like to drink, the drinking age does not really matter. Honestly, alcohol is simple to get and is readily available. Usually if someone gets charged with underage drinking that does no t stop him or her from drinking in the near future. Education is the key to putting an end to alcohol related problems. The problem lies with the individual rather than alcohol.People need to be educated on the proper use of alcohol. In Great Britain, many start drinking at a young age and grow up with it all around them. They learn through time how to manage their consumption in a responsible way. Growing up in a family where drinking is not a problem when used safely, teaches a lesson of responsibility. Trying to discourage youngsters from drinking is very difficult. If teens want to drink, who can stop them except for parental and police intervention, which rarely happens. The Tragedy of Macbeth Persuasive EssayIn what way would a lower drinking age, influence teenagers to start drinking? Most teenagers begin drinking in late middle school and early high school. By lowering the drinking age to 18, it does not seem relevant that it will influence teens to begin drinking any earlier. Right now the age limit is 21, yet statistics show that many teenagers drink. In 1995 about 10 million current drinkers were under the age of 21 (MADD). Clearly the age limit of 21, whose purpose to deter individuals from drinking, has failed. Instead of trying to just discourage people from drinking we also need to educate. In today’s society, alcohol is a trivial problem. The problem lies in responsibility and knowledge rather then age. If responsibility is not there, alcohol will be misused causing harsh consequences. Age cannot be a measure of responsibility. No one is perfect, no one is the same, and no one matures at the same rate as the next. Untaught knowledge will not be gained by the ignorant. Alcohol is not a terrible drug, but can be turned into one without the knowledge of proper use. If our country continues to produce alcohol then education needs to be produced at a faster rate. Educating the common masses is the only possibility to stunt this fatal problem. The United States needs to take action to stop the problem of alcohol misuse. Bibliography: